when was maria theresa born
Queen of France and Navarre 1638-1683 Daughter of King Philip IV of Spain and Elisabeth de France, Maria Theresa was born in 1638 at the Escurial Palace near Madrid. The first and only female ruler of the Habsburg lands, which included parts of modern-day Austria and Hungary. In 1720 Charles worked tirelessly to earn support for the sanction from his crown lands and several of the great European powers. Her refusal to negotiate with Frederick II (later the Great) of Prussia, who had invaded Silesia, her most prosperous province, appalled the senescent councillors of her late father. Maria Theresa was born in Vienna, Austria, on 13 May 1717.Her parents were Charles VI, Holy Roman Emperor and Elisabeth Christine of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel.Her father had made the Pragmatic Sanction of 1713, a decree which allowed a female ruler despite the Salic law prohibition.. Maria Theresa married Duke Francis Stephan I of Lorraine for love. Maria Theresa Gow was born on September 14, 1982 in Scotland. During her rule she changed the royal palace outside Vienna (the Austrian capital) to … Upon her accession, the War of the Austrian Succession (1740–48) erupted, challenging her inheritance of the Habsburg lands. Her 16 children consisted of 5 sons and 11 daughters, including the future queen of France, Marie Antoinette. Austrian composer Johann Strauss surpassed his father, Johann Strauss the Elder's popularity and productivity, becoming known as the "Waltz King.". Upon his death, Maria Theresa appointed her eldest son, Joseph II, as emperor and co-regent. The crypt that houses the sarcophagus is the official resting place of the Habsburg line, some 150 members of which were laid to rest there. She was born in at the Hofburg Palace, Vienna. Maria Theresa of Austria (13 May 1717 – 29 November 1780) was the only female head of the Habsburg Dynasty. - Biography of Maria Theresia, The World of the Habsburgs - Biography of Maria Theresa, Maria Theresa - Student Encyclopedia (Ages 11 and up). The war ended in 1748 when Austria was forced to let Prussia keep Silesia and to accept the loss of three of its Italian territories to France. She was born December 18, 1942 in San Antonio, TX to the late Jose Augustine and Consuelo Perez Garza. Taurus Named Maria #4. Her studies focused on frivolous skills thought to befit a young noblewoman. Maria Theresa, German Maria Theresia, (born May 13, 1717, Vienna—died November 29, 1780, Vienna), archduchess of Austria and queen of Hungary and Bohemia (1740–80), wife and empress of the Holy Roman emperor Francis I (reigned 1745–65), and mother of the Holy Roman emperor Joseph II (reigned 1765–90). The war ended in 1748, after which she reformed her government and military. She was also Marie Antoinette’s mother. In 1765 Maria Theresa’s husband, Francis Stephen, died. Her older brother, Leopold John, had been born on 13 April 1716, but he died when he was seven months. By signing up for this email, you are agreeing to news, offers, and information from Encyclopaedia Britannica. Taurus Royalty #18. Maria Theresa’s father was the Holy Roman emperor Charles VI, and her mother was Elizabeth of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel. Omissions? Our editors will review what you’ve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. Realizing the need for a sizable standing army and in order to maintain one, Maria Theresa accepted the plans of Count Friedrich Wilhelm Haugwitz—the first in a succession of remarkable men of intellect she was to draw into her council. Maria Theresa was born as an ‘infanta’, a title given to the sons and daughters of the Spanish king regardless of age. In 1765 she appointed her son her co-regent. Maria had one brother: António José Lucas Pereira. https://www.biography.com/activist/maria-theresa. In 1756 Frederick II waged the Seven Years War against her. The naive courage with which Maria Theresa assumed her heritage (and made her husband co-regent) astounded Europe’s chancelleries. In resistance, Frederick II’s army invaded and claimed Silesia. Maria von Trapp was best known for performing with the Trapp Family Singers in the 1930s and '40s. Maria Theresa (Barbieri) Abodeely May 7, 1925 - Oct. 17, 2020 QUEENSBURY - Maria Theresa (Barbieri) Abodeely, 95, of Queensbury, passed away peacefully on Saturday, October 17, 2020 with her famil The increased revenue and cost savings of Maria Theresa and Haugwitz’s domestic reforms further served to strengthen the Habsburg Empire’s army. In 1756 Fredrick II once again waged war against Maria Theresa’s empire. She was known in Spain as María Teresa de Austria and in France as Marie-Thérèse d'Autriche. Austria also benefited from the wealth produced by those provinces’ industries. Practical, if not always fiscal, considerations, rather than doctrinaire humanitarianism, guided all of Maria Theresa’s reforms. Maria Theresa’s education and upbringing were typical of princesses at the time. Maria Mitchell is best known for being the first professional female astronomer in the United States. This contest with Prussia was followed by two more, the Seven Years’ War (1756–63) and the War of the Bavarian Succession (1778–79), which further checked Austrian power. In time of absolute monarchies, political intrigue and diplomacy through marriage love is not a word associated with marriage. In a famous “reversal of alliances” (1756) she threw over England, the old ally and “banker” of the Habsburgs, and allied herself with France, their ancient foe. As a result, the affected territories lent Austria’s weakened army significantly more military power. Maria's inheritance of her father's throne was based on a royal decree entitled 'The Pragmatic Sanction'. Under the leadership of Frederick II, King of Prussia, those powers formed a coalition against Maria Theresa. Maria Theresa Walburga Amalia Christina was born on 13th May 1717. Holy Roman Empress German Queen; Reign: 13 September 1745 – 18 August 1765 Coronation In October of 1740, Charles VI died. The internationally renowned Maria Callas captivated audiences with her iconic opera performances, showing off her vocal range in productions like 'Tosca' and 'Norma.'. Her memoir was the basis for the ‘The Sound of Music’ musical and film. In 1740 she succeeded to the Habsburg throne. Maria Theresa Walburga Amalia Christina was born on May 13, 1717. Maria Theresa was born in 1717 in Austria. Please select which sections you would like to print: While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. Her father, Joseph Anton von Paradis, was Imperial Secretary of Commerce under Empress Maria Theresia, after whom young Maria was named. She approved drastic changes that her physician, the Dutchman Gerhard van Swieten, carried through at the universities (such as the introduction of textbooks, the linking of the medical school of the University of Vienna with the embryonic public health service, and the sovereign’s right to veto the election of deans by the faculties) even as he took them out of the hands of the Jesuits, to whose Society she herself was devoted. ... Born in Vienna, Austria #14. (Since nearly every major European nation coveted some part of the Habsburg domains, their consent to the Pragmatic Sanction must be taken as nothing more than an act of convenience.) 60 years. She was the eldest daughter of the Emperor Charles VI and his wife Elizabeth of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel. Be on the lookout for your Britannica newsletter to get trusted stories delivered right to your inbox. When she was 18, she married Francis Stephen of Lorraine. Haugwitz’s reform effort focused mainly on the centralization of the empire’s power. Maria Theresa. Only many years later did peasant riots in famine-stricken Bohemia, as well as the reported cruelty of Hungarian magnates, cause her to limit the use of forced labour. … Although Maria Theresa craved peace and promoted diplomacy, during the mother and son’s co-regency the War of the Bavarian Succession broke out, lasting from 1778 to 1779. Subjects of her crown lands — the Austrian duchies and Netherlands, and Bohemia and Hungary — were quick to accept Maria Theresa as their empress. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. Maria Theresa died on November 29, 1780, at Hofburg Palace in Vienna, Austria—where she had reigned for four decades—leaving behind a solid basis for future generations of the family empire. Maria Theresa was the eldest daughter of the Holy Roman emperor Charles VI and Elizabeth of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel. The dazzling ideas of her new chancellor, Wenzel Anton von Kaunitz, fired her determination to recover Silesia, indeed, to destroy Prussia. (She was the last of the Catholic monarchs to close its establishments.) It was time for Maria Theresa, then 23 years old, to succeed to the Habsburg throne. Over time, they begrudgingly agreed to honor the sanction. We strive for accuracy and fairness. Corrections? Although it was peacetime, Maria Theresa saw the need to prepare for an impending second war with Fredrick II, as he sought to defend Prussia against Austria’s newly formed alliance with its former enemy, France. During the War of the Austrian Succession, Maria Theresa had never found an adequate general. Because it was clear that the Habsburg Dynasty couldn’t win the war without its allies, in 1763 Maria Theresa and Fredrick II agreed to a peace treaty on the condition that Prussia would get to keep Silesia. It was she who institutionalized government censorship; on the other hand, it was she, too, who launched plans for compulsory primary education. In 1756 Frederick II waged the Seven Years' War against her. She is an actress, known for Urutoraman Gaia (1998), Godzilla Against MechaGodzilla (2002) and Kamen raidâ Daburu (2009). Maria Theresa: her birthday, what she did before fame, her family life, fun trivia facts, popularity rankings, and more. In resistance, Frederick II’s army invaded and claimed Silesia. She was born to Emperor Charles VI (Karl VI) and Elisabeth Christine of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel on 13 May 1717 at the Hofburg Palace. Maria was the oldest surviving child of the Holy Roman Emperor, Charles VI, and Elisabeth Christine of Brunswick-Wolfenbuttel. A new public-debt policy, the settlement of the empty spaces of Hungary, the drafting of a penal code to supplant the tangle of local systems, and a kind of poor law—these were but some of the innovations in which she herself took a hand, with her common sense doing service for the book learning she lacked. In 1740, Maria Theresa succeeded the Habsburg throne. And a ruling Empress? Various powers hoped to add to their territories at the expense of the inexperienced queen. The two frequently clashed in their beliefs. She paid but scant attention to the global ramifications of the ensuing Seven Years’ War. When her father, Charles VI, found himself without a male heir in 1713, he issued a degree known as the Pragmatic Section that guaranteed that right of succession to Maria Theresa. When the sanction was issued in 1713 after Charles had to fight in two wars to secure the Sanction. Genealogy profile for Maria Theresa Ewing Maria Theresa Ewing (1837 - 1910) - Genealogy Genealogy for Maria Theresa Ewing (1837 - 1910) family tree on Geni, with over 200 million profiles of ancestors and living relatives. Get a Britannica Premium subscription and gain access to exclusive content. Charles left the Habsburg state at the lowest point of its prestige, its coffers empty, its capital beset by unrest. © 2021 Biography and the Biography logo are registered trademarks of A&E Television Networks, LLC. Upon the death of Charles Albert (1745), she secured for her husband, Francis, the imperial crown, which the law denied to women. Instead, Charles VI allowed his daughter to marry for love. Maria Theresa is interred next to her husband in an ornate double sarcophagus beneath Vienna’s Capuchin monastery. Although she could not reign as Holy Roman empress in her own right, she was groomed from an early age to preserve Habsburg territory and influence. He assigned Bohemia and Austria to a joint ministry and took power away from the Provincial Estates. When her brother Balthasar Charles died in 1646, just two years after their mother’s death, Maria Theresa became the heir to the Spanish throne. But Maria Theresa immediately faced resistance to her succession from European powers who had previously agreed to her father’s Pragmatic Sanction. Her father was Philip IV of Spain, while her mother was Elisabeth of France. When Maria was two she began losing her eyesight, and by the age of five she was blind. From the day she was born, Maria Theresa was one of the most important people in 18th-century Europe. Maria Theresa was born May 13, 1717, in Vienna, Austria. The war ended in 1748, after which she reformed her government and military. In step with the enforced retreat of the church from secular affairs, she came to feel that it was incumbent on the state to control the intellectual life of its subjects. Bavaria and France followed suit with their own invasion of Habsburg territories, resulting in an eight-year conflict dubbed the War of the Austrian Succession. As late as 1779 she single-handedly frustrated another full-scale war with Prussia, risked by her self-opinionated firstborn, Joseph II, who on his father’s demise had become co-regent in the Habsburg dominions (and been elected emperor). Maria Theresa was an Austrian archduchess and Holy Roman Empress of the Habsburg Dynasty from 1740 to 1780. Maria Theresia von Paradis was born in Vienna on May 15, 1759. The dowager empresses, her aunt Wilhelmine Amalia of Brunswick-Lüneburg and grandmother Eleonor Magdalene of Neuburg, were her godmothers. Two years later, in 1646, her older brother Balthasar Charles, who was Philip IV’s heir, died as well. Maria Theresa was born in Vienna on May 13, 1717. In the face of the opposition of many noblemen, she managed to reduce drastically (except in Hungary) the powers of the various dominions’ estates, which had held the monarchy’s purse strings since time immemorial. In 1736 she married Francis Stephen of Lorraine. Culture What made Austria's Maria Theresa a one-of-a-kind ruler. Maria Theresa of Austria (Maria Theresia Josepha Charlotte Johanna; 14 January 1767 – 7 November 1827) was born an Archduchess of Austria and a Princess of Tuscany. When Maria Theresa was six years old, her mother died. On October 20, 1740, Charles VI died, and the war of succession he had striven so hard to forestall broke out before the end of the year. Maria Theresa Colabelli, 73Maria Theresa Colabelli (Casiero), born in Alberona, Foggia, Italy, passed away on Saturday, April 25, 2020 at Saint Barnabas Medical Center in Livingston, NJ at the age of 73.She was raised by her parents, Rocco Giovanni and Rocchina Giovanna Casiero, in Orange, NJ. Maria Theresa of Spain was born on the 10 th of September 1638. Updates? Empress Maria Theresa was Marie Antoinette‘s mother, but before she became a mother, she was a child herself. Maria Theresa thus became a pawn on Europe’s political chessboard. In 1736 Maria Theresa and her beloved Duke Francis Stephen of Lorraine, France, were wed. Maria Theresa; Portrait by Martin van Meytens, 1759. Maria Theresa at the age of ca. She died on November 29, 1780, in Vienna, Austria. They had sixteen children who are named here: Charles was the last surviving prince of his line, and, in an effort to preserve the Habsburg dominions, he issued the Pragmatic Sanction to allow Maria Theresa to succeed him. Trivia (2) Despite the fact that Maria Theresa, who indeed still did not have a brother, was increasingly likely to inherit the Habsburg throne, she was ill-acquainted with affairs of state. She was born at the Hofburg Palace in Vienna, Austria. As Queen of Hungary and Bohemia, Archduchess of Austria, etc., ruler of the Habsburg Monarchy (1740–1780) Born in Vienna on 13 May 1717 António was born in Rua Donnas - Vila do conde. Maria Theresa Jesse entered eternal rest and reunited with the love of her life/husband, MSGT Albert Francis Jesse on January 19, 2021 in San Antonio at the age of 78. In 1762, when Empress Elisabeth died, Russia, one of Austria’s greatest allies in the war, withdrew. French and British armies engaged at the Battle of Dettingen, June 27, 1743, during the War of the Austrian Succession. Maria Theresa (Benfante) Wade Born on September 15, 1944, in Brooklyn, New York, died on January 29, 2021, in Colorado Springs, Colorado Maria is survived by her husband Martin Peter Wade, daughter Jennifer Anne Hinton, son-in-law Paul Lesniak, granddaughters Alexandra, Jaime, and Emma and her two cats Bebe and Missy. Before her birth in 1711, her father Charles VI changed the Salic Law, which prohibited a woman from ruling to Pragmatic Sanction. She also inherited outlying possessions of the house of Austria in Italy and the Netherlands. Maria Theresa’s first child, a daughter named Maria Elisabeth (1737–1740), died while still a young child. “The peasantry must be able to sustain itself as well as pay taxes…,” she wrote. Charles VI had been encouraged by his trusted adviser, Prince Eugene of Savoy, to marry Maria Theresa off to a powerful prince. The eldest of the surviving children was Maria Anna (1738–1789), who developed strong intellectual interests and was very similar in character to her father. The following day, she was baptized as Agnes Gonxha Bojaxhiu. Born an Infanta of Spain and Portugal at the Royal Monastery of El Escorial, she was the daughter of Philip IV & III, and his wife Elisabeth of France, who died when Maria Theresa was six years old. Maria Theresa, Archduchess of Austria, Queen of Hungary and Bohemia, and wife of the Holy Roman emperor Francis I was born at Vienna on the 13th of May 1717. Empress of Austria Maria Theresa paved the way for compulsory education in the 18th century, but also persecuted sexual immorality. Neither the peace of 1745 (by which Austria ceded Silesia to Prussia) nor the peace of 1748 (which ended Maria Theresa’s war with the rest of her enemies) ended her efforts to modernize the army. "use strict";(function(){var insertion=document.getElementById("citation-access-date");var date=new Date().toLocaleDateString(undefined,{month:"long",day:"numeric",year:"numeric"});insertion.parentElement.replaceChild(document.createTextNode(date),insertion)})(); Subscribe to the Biography newsletter to receive stories about the people who shaped our world and the stories that shaped their lives. By December of that year, Frederick II’s army invaded Silesia, an Austrian province, and claimed it for his kingdom. Once the war had ended, Maria Theresa set about further reforming the Habsburg government, with Silesian exile Count Frederick William Haugwitz heading up the effort. After considering her own abdication and ultimately rejecting the idea, Maria Theresa allowed Joseph to take control of army reforms and join Wenzel Anton, Prince of Kaunitz-Rietberg, in determining the empire’s foreign policy. With Vojtech Kotek, Zuzana Stivínová, Tatiana Pauhofová, Anna Posch. Her full name was Maria Theresa Walburga Amalia Christina. About. As a member of the House of Austria, Maria Theresa was entitled to use the title Archduchess of Austria. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). She was the Holy Roman Empress, queen of Hungary and Bohemia, and archduchess of Austria. She had … Over the course of her marriage, Maria Theresa would give birth to a sizable brood. In 1765 she appointed her son her co-regent. Holy Roman Emperor Charles VI and his wife, Elisabeth Christine of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel, welcomed their first daughter, Maria Theresa, into the world on May 13, 1717. After Maria Theresa’s death, 3,943 gulden and 44 kreuzers were found lying around in Maria Theresa’s room, which could be interpreted as a sign that in 1780, when the empress died, the money problems were gone. The second and eldest surviving child of Holy Roman Emperor Charles VI and Elisabeth Christine of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel, Archduchess Maria Theresa was born on 13 May 1717 in Vienna, a year after the death of her elder brother, Archduke Leopold, and was baptised on that same evening. On her birth, Maria Theresawas heir presu… Maria Theresa led Austria through this and two other wars, preserving the bulk of Habsburg territory in the face of a series of militarily superior opponents. Maria Theresa also allowed Haugwitz to do away with yearly resource negotiations with the empire’s estates in favor of meeting to negotiate only once a decade. Because of French objections to the union of Lorraine with the Habsburg lands, Francis Stephen had to exchange his ancestral duchy for the right of succession to the Grand Duchy of Tuscany. Moreover, she had entered into a treaty with Russia, a newcomer to European rivalries. But there is a bright little girl growing up at the Hofburg palace: Not only does beautiful Maria Theresa study books she isn't supposed to read. Facts about Maria Theresa will give you more information about this Duchess of Lorraine. Not even imaginable. Nineteenth century Austrian painter Gustav Klimt is known for the highly decorative style of his works, his most famous being The Kiss and the Portrait of Adele Bloch-Bauer. Over the course of the war, despite the loss of Silesia and a few minor territories in Italy, Theresa … Maria Theresa, German Maria Theresia, (born May 13, 1717, Vienna—died November 29, 1780, Vienna), archduchess of Austria and queen of Hungary and Bohemia (1740–80), wife and empress of the Holy Roman emperor Francis I (reigned 1745–65), and mother of the Holy Roman emperor Joseph II … At the age of 23 she became archduchess of Austria and queen of Bohemia and Hungary. If you see something that doesn't look right, contact us! Deeply pious, strictly observant, and intolerant to the point of bigotry, she was moving, nonetheless, toward subordinating the church to the authority of the state. Mirror, Mirror. Due to her marriage, she earned the title as Holy Roman Empress and Grand Duchess of Tuscany. When the elector Charles Albert of Bavaria—one of the princes who had joined Frederick in assaulting Habsburg territories—was elected emperor, Maria Theresa was mortified; that dignity, little more than titular by then, had in practice been hereditary in her family for 300 years. Maria Paula (born Theresa) was born on month day 1835, at birth place, to António José Pereira and Maria Boa Pereira (born Viagem). She was the oldest surviving daughter of Holy Roman Emperor Charles VI and Elisabeth Christineof Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel. Though Francis had not been a faithful husband, Maria Theresa never wavered in her love, and his sudden death in 1765 plunged her into prolonged grief. Erwin Schrödinger was a Nobel Prize-winning Austrian physicist whose groundbreaking wave equation changed the face of quantum theory. https://www.britannica.com/biography/Maria-Theresa, The Catholic Encylopedia - Biography of Maria Theresa, History's Heroes? With her death, Joseph II assumed full responsibility as Holy Roman Emperor. Additionally, Maria Theresa reorganized several government functions, combining them in a centralized General Directory. Even when she was a young girl, many praised Maria Theresa for her beauty. Maria Tallchief was a revolutionary American ballerina who broke barriers for Native American women. In 1713 he issued the Pragmatic Sanction to ensure his eldest daughter’s right to take over the throne when he died, provided he never had a son. She discovered a new comet in 1847 that became known as "Miss Mitchell's Comet.". In the further process of abolishing tax exemptions held by the great landowners, who dominated those assemblies, she hit on the notion of a “God-pleasing equality.” Yet she did not question the justice of the manorial lord’s claim on the labour of his hereditary subjects. She was later Queen of Saxony as the second wife and consort of King Anthony of Saxony. Holy Roman Emperor Charles VI and his wife, Elisabeth Christine of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel, welcomed their first daughter, Maria Theresa, into the world on May 13, 1717. She was Archduchess of Austria and the Holy Roman Empress. Italian physician Maria Montessori was a pioneer of theories in early childhood education, which are still implemented in Montessori schools all over the globe. She was born on May 13th, 1717 and died on November 29th, 1780. Her successful appearance before the refractory Hungarian Estates, ending with an appeal for a mass levy of troops, gave her a European reputation for diplomatic skill. She also to struggled to find capable men to align themselves with the Habsburg Empire, with the exception of a few administrators she had managed to appoint. Painting by Joseph Rösch. An enlarged central administration—from which the judiciary was separated in 1749—and a repeatedly reorganized treasury required knowledgeable civil servants and judges; and their training was, to her mind, the sole purpose of higher education. The death of an only son prompted Charles, the only living prince of his line, to promulgate the so-called Pragmatic Sanction, a royal act, eventually recognized by most powers, whereby female issue was entitled to succeed to the domains of the Habsburgs. Over the course of that decade, the estates would pay the central government yearly taxes. Genealogy profile for Maria Theresa Villiers Maria Theresa Villiers (deceased) - Genealogy Genealogy for Maria Theresa Villiers (deceased) family tree on Geni, with over 200 million profiles of ancestors and living relatives. Holy Roman Emperor Joseph II tried to strengthen the Habsburg empire with his enlightened reforms, but the changes he made were met with fierce opposition. Within months of Charles VI’s death, Frederick II of Prussia invaded Silesia, a Habsburg province, beginning the War of the Austrian Succession. Maria was born in 1804. Articles from Britannica Encyclopedias for elementary and high school students. Maria Theresa’s father was the last remaining male heir to the Habsburg throne, so before she was born, fearing that he might not produce a son, Charles VI reformed the Salic Law, which prevented any female heir from succeeding her father. Afflicted by a deformation of the ribcage, she was not considered marriageable and remained with her mother until Mother Teresa was born on August 26, 1910, in Skopje, the current capital of the Republic of Macedonia. She emerged from it, her zeal for activity nowise impaired. His attack culminated in the Seven Years' War, during which Maria Theresa tried to reclaim Silesia. When its end sealed the loss of Silesia and left the monarchy with a mountain of debts, she became a champion of peace. In 1660, in the wake of the Treaty of the Pyrenees, she married Louis XIV in Saint-Jean-de-Luz. Since Lorraine could potentially be incorporated into the Habsburg Empire, Duke Francis appeased France by conceding to trade his province for Tuscany, which was of considerably lesser value. The marriage was a love match, and 16 children were born to the couple, of whom 10 survived to adulthood. Most descriptions of her baptism stress that the infant was carried ahe…